The Cold War Of The Soviet Union - 2085 Words

One of the main things Reagan was known for his is stance on communist and his commitment to end the Cold War. Reagan was not afraid of the Soviet Union like his Carter or Ford who served as President before him. He told the Secretary of Defense to order whatever is needed and not to worry about the budget. He wanted to be in a position of strength, that way he believed he would be able to negotiate with them; he had a saying of â€Å"To build up to build down† http://millercenter.org/president/biography/reagan-domestic-affairs. Reagan did not want there to be an arms race, however if there were to be one he was determined not to loose. The CIA confirmed that the Soviet Union’s economy could not support an arms race against the US. In Reagan’s mind, winning the Cold War meant having the Soviet Union cease to exist. In 1981 Reagan saw an opportunity to strike at the Soviet Union, the Polish workers started a movement of solidarity for democratic freedoms. When the Soviet union declared Marshal Law, Reagan stepped in and was determined to keep the solidarity alive. Reagan met with Pope John Paull II in June of 1982 and the Pope turned the catholic church in Poland into an underground solidarity network. Reagan imposed sanctions and committed the CIA to undermine the Soviet Union, keeping solidarity alive. He had the belief that is Poland was freed of the Soviet Union than the all Eastern Europe would follow. However other covert operations were not so peaceful, in Afghanistan heShow MoreRelatedThe Cold War And The Soviet Union973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a state of economic, diplomatic, and ideological discord among nations without armed conflict. The Cold War was between the United States and the USSR because these were the two major powers after WWII. Basically, the Cold War was a series of proxy wars that had taken place back in time involving surrounding countries. One of the main causes for Cold War was that the Soviet Uni on was spreading communism and the United States didn’t like that so they were trying to contain communismRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s missionRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, in fact didn’t take place in the winter season, but was just as dangerously cold and unwelcoming, as it focused on two contrasting powers: the U.S. and the Soviet Union. After World War 2, the Cold War influence d capitalist U.S. and communist Soviet Union to engage in disagreements causing many disputes having to use military, economic and humanitarian aid. With different goals, the contrasting powers prove through the Marshall Plan, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and SALT that communismRead MoreThe Cold War And Soviet Union840 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many theories and opinions of how the cold war started. Some believe that the cold war was the result of the belligerence of Joseph Stalin and the insecurity it caused in the United States and the West. Others believe the primary responsibility for the cold war derives from the hardline policies of the United States. (Viewpoints Article: the Soviet Union Start the Cold War) I believe The Cold War was triggered by the theory of two superpower countries in a race for dominance in the worldRead MoreCold War And The Soviet Union859 Words   |  4 PagesAMS2270 Cold War This essay will discuss about cold war, including the background, beginning, progress and ending. As we know, cold war is a struggle between U.S. with NATO and Soviet Union with WTO from 1947 to 1991. It is a significant event in history, and it influence the almost all of world, it directly lead to the radical change of eastern Europe and the breakup of the USSR. In 1946 February, George.F.Kennan wrote a â€Å"Long Telegram†, it clearly said the strategy of containing Soviets and itRead MoreThe Cold War On The Soviet Union1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War’s effect on the Soviet Union Shortly after the World War 2 ended, the United States and its North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies entered the cold war with the Soviet Union. Germany was divided in half and later, the Berlin Wall was constructed as a physical boundary between the Soviet controlled East Germany and NATO controlled West Germany. This standoff continued until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. The cold war had a huge influence on the world stage, but also had a majorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1391 Words   |  6 Pageswake of World War II as the decades-long force of Germany’s reign came to its conclusion, an extensive repositioning of authority among the world’s top powers began. The war wielded devastating consequences for most countries involved and effectively diminished the dominance Britain and France once employed across the globe. Out of this devastation rose the two new dominating forces of the world who were triumphant in the aftermath of the war: the U nited States and the Soviet Union. The United StatesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cold War was a period in world history marked with increased tensions primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both countries desired to expand their ideologies across the globe, the U.S. urging capitalism and democratic elections and the Soviets promoting communism. After the allies had obtained victory in World War II, the Yalta Conference was held. Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to expand his sphere of influence into Eastern Europe and demanded thatRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1343 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: As one of the most important events in 20th century, the Cold War had a very deep influence for the human-being civilization and it changed the world structure . The United States and the Soviet Union ,the two poles, became enemies from friends after the World War II. They adopt hostile attitude towards each other and criticized the the opponents’ social systems. To find out who provoked the Cold War, the US, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdoms ,Roosevelt, Truman ,Stalin, and ChurchillRead MoreThe Soviet Union Of The Cold War1745 Words   |  7 Pages During the era of the Cold War, starting in 1947 and definitively ending in 1991, the United States and the Soviet Union faced off in conflicts with each other through smaller states. The United States and Soviet Union faced off to see who could spread their ideology the most in Europe. The Soviet Union used force and supported coups to spread communism while the United States installed democratic governments as a way to counter communism in Eastern Europe. These small conflicts that the two superpowers

Songs in the Key of Stevie Wonder’s Life Essay - 1850 Words

At the young age of twenty two, Stevie Wonder sang, â€Å"When you believe in the things you don’t understand / Then you suffer / Superstition ain’t the way†. He started his career in the early 1960s, but in 1972, Superstition established Stevie Wonder as one of the most recognizable musicians of his time in American and African-American culture and music. Although music was Wonder’s main priority, he also dedicated his time to a fight against racism throughout national and international borders. Musically, socially, and politically, Stevie Wonder was able to bring people together with his music and words. From the time of his birth to the present day, Stevie wonder sang his way into our hearts and remains one of the most influential people†¦show more content†¦Retrolental fibroplasia is caused by the disruption of the growth of blood vessels in back of the eye which leads to the person’s retinas to detached (Pub Med Health). For some peopl e, retrolental fibroplasia has been temporary but this was not the case for Wonder. Even though he was blind from birth, it was not an obstacle for him to overcome. While growing up, Wonder was optimistic and refused to let his disability get in the way of â€Å"seeing†; according to Stevie Wonder himself, he states, â€Å"In my mind, I can see all of these things in my own way, in the manner that blind people can see them† (Brown 7). If anything, his blindness opened up his world to a different type of judgment and vision in which everything is left to Wonder’s magical interpretation. Moreover his blindness later transferred over was epitomized within his music which Wonder calls â€Å"blindism†. Visibly seen whiling he is performing, any spectator will notice Stevie’s movements as he plays the piano in which he bobs his head to right and left throughout any song. Wonder explains his â€Å"blindism† as the idea of â€Å"building a lot of e xcess energy that [others] get rid of through his eyes† (Goldberg). Seeing singers can look into the eyes of their spectators and lure them into the music. Moreover, Stevie Wonder’s â€Å"blindism† is the same type of tactic, the movements of his body exuding such liveliness and passion becomesShow MoreRelatedEssay about Stevie Wonder904 Words   |  4 Pages Stevie Wonder Stevie Wonder has been a major figure within the Black Music scene over the last forty years. Stevie Wonder was born Steveland Judkins on May13, 1950, however, he now prefers to be known as Steveland Morris after his mothers married name. He was blind at birth. The cause was the prematurity of the eye. Blood vessels in the back of the eye hadnt reached the front of the eye thus when he was born, prematurely, that growth temporarily stopped thenRead MoreStevie Wonder1180 Words   |  5 PagesStevie Wonder Stevland Hardaway Jenkins is what it may say on his birth certificate, but this world-renowned, transcendent artist is better known as Stevie Wonder. Even at birth, Stevie was ahead of his time. He was born premature and doctors were unsure if he would live. Stevie was placed in an incubator to save his life. As a result of the incubator supplying Stevie with too much oxygen, he was left blind. Throughout life, Stevie never let his disability hold him back. By age 10, he had alreadyRead MoreGreat Composers of the 19th Century1106 Words   |  5 Pagespop to blues and jazz. Ray Charles Robinson was known as The Pioneer of Rock Music. He influenced the lives of people worldwide, and he paved the way for various artists such as Elvis Presley, Aretha Franklin, and Van Morrison. Maria Carey, Alicia Keys, and John Legend are amongst musicians and performers who acknowledge Steveland Hardaway Judkins as their major influence. September 23, 1930, Ray Charles Robinson was born to Bailey Robinson and Aretha Robinson in Albany, Georgia. Shortly thereafterRead MoreThe And Harmony And The Implementation Of World Wide Equality1827 Words   |  8 Pagesthe name Stevie Wonder. Through Stevie Wonders song â€Å"Black man† from the album Songs in the Key of Life (1976) the song is a positive implication to the pointing out of skin colors in different races and the contributions that have been made to society various forms of life, he exemplifies the idea that we are all created equal and we can all contribute to society in a positive way. The song demonstrates an upbeat tempo along with a joyful and higher pitched vocal inflection blesses the song with aRead MoreEssay1244 Words   |  5 PagesThe children were laughing and hugging and filled with joy at the first song to liven up the Blackgood home since the death of their music loving mother.   But it was not to be the last song by any means. For the n ext several months Ray taught them song after song.   Up in the attic, they found their late mother’s old instruments which included electric guitars and a collection of high-tech synthesizers.   The children finally took to their computer programming assignments with glee in order to learnRead MoreThe Independent Record Labels of the 1950’s and 1960’s4437 Words   |  18 Pagesacoustical treatment, and a control room with a used five channel presto mixer, a presto 6-N lathe and one loudspeaker. Philips would take a while to realize that a huge prospect was about to enter his life and studio. Elvis Presley, a young truck driver, had come in to record two songs at a cost of $8 as a birthday present for his mother. Philips was actually out of the office so his secretary Marion Keisker recorded Presley. Foreseeing talent, Keisker put aside a copy of the acetate master

Microeconomics Chapter 21 Free Essays

Microeconomics Chapter 21 Free Essays Microeconomics Chapter 21: The theory of consumer choice After developing the basic theory of consumer choice, we apply it to three questions about households decisions 1)Do all demand curves slope downward? 2)How do wages affect labour supply? 3)How do interest rates affect households saving? The budget constraint: What the consumer can afford -People consume less than they desire because their spending is constrained or limited by their income Budget constraint: the limit on the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford -The slope of the budget constraint measures the rate at which the consumer can trade one good for the other Preferences: What the consumer wants -The budget constraint is one piece of the analysis: it shows what combination of goods the consumer can afford given his income and the prices of the goods -The consumers’ choice, however, depend not only on his budget constraint but also on his preferences regarding the two goods -The consumer’s preferences are the next piece of our analysis Representing Preferences with Indifference Curves Indifference curve: a curve that shows consumption bundles that give the consumer the same level of satisfaction -The slope at any point on an indifference curve equals the rate at which the consumer is willing to substitute one good for the other Marginal rate of substitution: the rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for another Because the indifference curve are not straight lines, the marginal rate of substitution is not the same at all points on a given indifference curve -The rate at which a consumer is willing to trade one good for the other depends on the amounts of the goods he is already consuming -The consumer is equally happy at all points on any given indifference curve, but he prefers some indifference curve to others -A consumer’s set of indifference curves gives a complete ranking of the consumer’s preferences -We can use the indifference curve to rank any two bundles of goods Four propert ies of Indifference curves Property 1: Higher indifference curves are preferred to lower ones. People usually prefer more of something to less of it. This preference of greater quantities is reflected in the indifference curves Property 2: Indifference curves are downward sloping. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics Chapter 21 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The slope of an indifference curve reflects the rate at which the consumer is willing to substitute one good for the other, In most cases, the consumer like both goods. Therefore, if the quantity of one good is reduced, the quantity of the other good must increase in order for the consumer to be happy Property 3: Indifference curves do not cross. Contradicts our assumption that the consumer always prefers more of both goods to less. Thus, indifference curves cannot cross. (Refer to example) Property 4: Indifference curves are bowed inward. The slope of an indifference curve is marginal rate of substitution-the rate at which the consumer is willing to tradeoff one good for the other. The MRS usually depends on the amount of each good the consumer is currently consuming. People are more willing to trade away goods that they have in abundance and less willing to trade away goods of which they have little, the indifference curves are bowed inward Two Extreme Examples of Indifference Curves -The shape of an indifference curve tells us about the consumer’s willingness to trade one good for the other -When the goods are easy to sub. For each other, the indifference curve are less bowed; when the goods are hard to sub, the indifference curves are very bowed Perfect Substitute -Because the marginal rate of substitution is constant, the indifference curves are straight lines – In this extreme case of straight indifference curve, we say that they two goods are perfect subs. Perfect Complements The indifference curve, therefore are right angles -In this extreme case of right-angle indifference curves, we say that the two goods are perfect complements -Real world- most goods are neither perfect substitutes nor perfect complements but typically, the indifference curves are bowed inward, but not so bowed as to become right angles Optimization: What the consumer chooses -Two necessary pieces for this analysis: the consumerà ¢â‚¬â„¢s budget constraint and the consumer’s preferences- put it together and choose what the consumer should buy The consumer’s optimal choices The consumer must also end up on or below his budget constraint, which measures the total resources available to him -The highest indifference curve that the consumer can reac is the one that just barely touches the budget constraint -The point at which this indifference curve and the budget constraint touch is called the optimum -At the optimum, the slope of the indifference curve equals the slope of the budget constraint – the indifference curve is tangent to the budget constraint -the consumer chooses consumption of the two goods so that the marginal rate of substitution equals to the relative price – the consumer takes as given the relative price of the two goods and then chooses an optimum at which his marginal rate of substitution equals to the relative price -The relative price is the rate at which the ma rket is willing to trade one good for the other, whereas the marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which the consumer is willing to trade one good for the other How changes in Income Affect the consumer’s choices Normal good: a good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to an increase in demands Inferior good: A good for which, other things equal, an increase in income leads to a decrease in demand -Although most goods are normal goods, there are some inferior goods in the world How changes in prices affect the consumer’s choice A fall in the price of any good shifts the budget constraint outward Income and substitution effects Income effect: the change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer to a higher or lower indifference curve Substitution effect: The change in consumption that results when a price change moves the consumer along a given indifference curve to a point with a new marginal rate of substitution -T he income effect is the change in consumption that results from the movement to a higher indifference curve -The substitution effect is the change in consumption that results from being at a point on an indifference curve with a different marginal rate of substitution Deriving the Demand Curve The demand curve for any good reflects those consumption decisions -A demand curve shows the quantity demanded of a good for any given price -The theory of consumer choice provides the theoretical foundation for the consumer’s demand curve -The theory of consumer choice is, however, very useful in studying various decisions that people make as they go about their lives Three Applications Do All Demand Curves Slope Downward? -Demand curves can sometimes slope upward -Consumers can sometimes violate the law of demand and buy more of a good when the price rises Giffen good: A good for which an increase in the price raises the quantity demanded -Giffen goods are inferior goods for which the income effect dominates the substitution effect- therefore- the demand curve has a slope upwards How do wages affect labour supply? The substitution effect induces Sally to work harder in response to higher wages, which tends to make the labour supply curve slope upwards -The income effect induces her to work less, which tends to make the labour supply curve slope backwards -Economic theory does not give a clear prediction about whether an increase in the wage induces Sally to work more or less -If the sub. effect is greater than the income effect for Sally, she works more -If the income effect is greater than the substitution effect, she works less -The labour supply curve, therefore, could be either upward or backward sloping How do interest rates affect household saving? Substitution effect: when the interest rate rises, consumption when old becomes less costly relative to consumption when young-therefore- consume more wen old and less when young Income effect: when the interest rate rises, he moves to a higher indifference curve. As long as consumption in both periods consists of normal goods, he tends to want to use this increase in well-being to enjoy higher consumption in both periods- income effect induces him to save less -The theory of consumer choice says that an increase in the interest rate could either encourage or discourage savings Conclusion: Do people really think this way? -The theory of consumer choice does not try to present a literal account of how people make decisions -The theory of consumer choice tries to describe this implicit, psychological process in a way that permits explicit, economic analysis -Test of theory is in the application How to cite Microeconomics Chapter 21, Essay examples

Case Analysis Schindler India Essay Example For Students

Case Analysis Schindler India Essay MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ CASE ANALYSIS – SCHINDLER INDIA Schindler Holding Ltd, a respected Swiss elevator company, was established in 1874 by Robert Schindler and the first Schindler elevator was installed in India in 1925. After technical and sales collaborations with Indian companies, ECE and Bharat Bijlee Ltd. (BBL) in 1958 and 1985, Schindler Ltd decided to setup a wholly owned company in India in 1998. The Indian economy had been liberalized in 1991 and the economy was growing at a rapid clip with many commercial buildings, hotels etc, being setup. Sensing the growing opportunity, Alfred Schindler, Chairman and 4th generation founder family member, decided to invest in India. But he also knew that Indian elevator market was very demanding requiring customization even at the lowest elevator product range and very price sensitive. The market was also competitive and he was also aware that almost 50% of the market was captured by their worldwide competitors, Otis, and the remaining 24% by other well known brands like Finland based Kone etc. It was clear to him that entering this competitive yet potentially lucrative and profitable market would require services of a person with qualities of having a long term vision, foresight, be able to take high risks, be decisive, require thorough understanding of the local elevator market and to be able to adapt to the ever-changing local market conditions. Mr. Silvio Napoli seemed to have the right qualities for the job. Graduating with MBA from Harvard Business School, Silvio was appointed as head of corporate planning and was involved in strategic review processes, benchmarking and competitor analysis etc. hereby gaining good understanding of the global elevator market. He also gained good MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ experience managing a project that developed a standardized, low cost elevator for the highly saturated western e levator markets of France, Spain etc. , an experience that could also be leveraged for the Indian market. Silvio was also assigned with the task of evaluating the Indian elevator market for potential joint ventures, understand prevailing legal systems, estimate market size etc. and with this knowledge Silvio presented a India specific business plan to the corporate headquarters, which was quickly approved. So, Silvio should have been the right person for the job, but after reviewing his progress after 7 months, it became clear that he lacked essential qualities of having a long term vision, foresight, inflexibility and patience. Yes it is true that Silvio did a research about India and could get all the necessary information to start the wholly owned subsidiary of Schindler in India, but he lacked in understanding the cultural preferences and local preference to customizations. Silvio was strong headed and single minded, impatient and short tempered and also over communicative. He was not open to ideas communicated by his senior management, including managing director, Mehar Karan Singh, who emphasized on the need to have patience in the Indian market and develop relationships with customers. All these qualities of Silvio are not exactly appropriate in the Indian elevator market and could also lead to ineffective management control and dissatisfied subordinates. Given that Schindler was expecting large growth in a short period of time (sell 50 units in first year and have 20% of the market share within 5 years), it is clear Silvio also lacked execution capabilities. In the 7 months since Schindler established a dedicated presence in India, not a single elevator was installed in the country. Future prospects also looked bleak with no new concrete orders and escalated cost of elevators. .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .postImageUrl , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:visited , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:active { border:0!important; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:active , .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145 .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u34e04b79618e6d63455cb85f31240145:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ad Reinhardt Abstract Painting 19601965 EssayMr. Luc Bonnard, Vice Chairman of the MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ company, naturally was not pleased with Silvio’s performance. From Luc Bonnard’s perspective, Silvio had managed to setup the entity in India in a very cost effective manner, without incurring major investments. The company had no dedicated elevator manufacturing facilities, no elaborate logistics or distribution investments and infact office space and furniture were also rented. Silvio had also hired some of the best local talent in key managerial and technical positions in the country. But these measures per se will not lead to profitability and it is recommended that for Silvio to succeed, he would have to first increase product offering in the country, showcase latest technology though it may be expensive in the price conscious market, start setting up a manufacturing facility and not overly depend on outsourcing every aspect right from assembly, be updated with the latest pricing from corporate headquarters and establish tighter communication and rapport between the local and corporate facilities of the company. Silvio formed new management team, which seemed to have a better grasp of the local elevator market conditions, was not comfortable with Silvio’s rigidity in concentrating on standardized elevators without much customization and seriously doubted if the company could be successful with only one low end, standardized elevator, S001. So, when there was a sales opportunity for some elevators, even though they required customization, the management team grabbed this opportunity without Silvio’s knowledge. But Silvio seemed to disagree or unhappy with this order since it went against his policy of minimizing elevator customizations and using only standardarized product offerings. There was no adaptability in Silvio’s business plan and he rigidly believed in global standardization strategy to focus on increasing profitability and profit MGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis ____________________________________________________________ __________________ growth. Napoli’s plan called for Schindler India to sell 50 units in first year and to win 20% market share. The company has a strong pressure to reduce cost and limited pressure to adapt to the Indian market. It is recommended that for Silvio to succeed in the Indian market, he must immediately alter his plan and introduce elevator customizations. In the short term, his technical staff must be sent to the corporate headquarters for training on existing standardized elevator design, understand the technical specifications and explore possible customization options in the current range of elevators. In case if the existing team was still felt to be too inexperienced to handle this new range of elevators, then Silvio must also have options to bring in technically qualified personnel from the headquarters. For a long term strategy, it is recommended there are flexible technology transfer agreement between the Indian subsidiary and the corporate headquarters for multiple elevator product ranges that allows high degree of elevator customization. It is also highly recommended to set up a Greenfield manufacturing facility in the country to leverage on the cost and labor arbitrage, instead of extensively outsourcing and depending on external vendors for elevator assembly and spare parts. In addition to the problems faced in executing elevator orders due to elevator customization issues, Silvio also erred in formulating appropriate pricing strategy for India. His business plan did not consider important financial related factors like effect of Government policies on elevator industry, fluctuations in the currency exchange rate, effect of changes in the new transfer policy introduced by the corporate headquarters etc. As it is known, transfer pricing is determined various factors but primarily on profit earned by the subsidiary and also takes into account difference in the currency exchange .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .postImageUrl , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:visited , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:active { border:0!important; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:active , .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue75ec65d9a2a7a6d44b323772db567be:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Consequences Of Guns EssayMGT 554: International Business and Law Silvio Napoli at Schindler India (A) – A Case Analysis By Satish Krishnamoorthy, Ramya Narayanaswamy, Karthik Chittatoor, Kamalendra Velendra ____________________________________________________________ __________________ rates. To handle the current pricing crisis, in the short term, it is recommended for Silvio to immediately negotiate with the corporate headquarters to revert back on the old transfer pricing method hat he had used to calculate pricing. For the long term, Silvio should enter into a mutual agreement with corporate headquarters that there will be no changes in transfer pricing met hodology and changes in prices of essential imported elevator spare parts, without adequate prior intimation. Alternately, Silvio can also mutually agree on the transfer prices of some of the models transfer prices in his yearly budget and thereby shielding from sudden changes in the pricing.

Coca-Cola Company Essays - Coca-Cola, Patent Medicines, Kosher Food

Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola company started out as an insignificant one man business and over the last one hundred and ten years it has grown into one of the largest companies in the world. The first operator of the company was Dr. John Pemberton and the current operator is Roberto Goizueta. Without societies help, Coca-Cola could not have become over a 50 billion dollar business. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist. He concocted the formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard on May 8, 1886. He mixed a combination of lime, cinnamon, coca leaves, and the seeds of a Brazilian shrub to make the fabulous beverage. Coca-Cola debuted in Atlanta's largest pharmacy, Jacob's Pharmacy, as a five cent non-carbonated beverage, which was originally used as a nerve and brain tonic and a medical elixir. Later on, the carbonated water was added to the syrup to make the beverage that we know today as Coca-Cola. At the time of his death, John Pemberton sold the Coca-Cola company to Asa Candler, Pemberton was forced to sell because he was very ill and was in debt. Candler achieved a lot during his time as owner of the company. On January 31, 1893, the famous Coca-Cola formula was copyrighted. The first syrup manufacturing plant was opened in 1884. However, Candler's great achievement was large scale bottling of Coca-Cola in 1899. In 1915, The Root Glass Company made the contour bottle for the Coca-Cola company. Coca-Cola was sold after the Prohibition Era to Ernest Woodruff for 25 million dollars. He gave Coca-Cola to his son, Robert Woodruff, who would be president for six decades (Facts, Figures, and Features Multiple pages). Robert Woodruff was an influential man in Atlanta because of his contributions to area colleges, universities, businesses and organizations. When he made a contribution, he would never leave his name, this is how he became to be known as "Mr. Anonymous." Woodruff introduced the six bottle carton in 1923. He also made Coca-Cola available through vending machine in 1929, that same year, the Coca-Cola bell glass was made available. He started advertising on the radio in the 1930s and on the television in 1950. Currently Coca-Cola is advertised on over five hundred TV channels around the world. In 1931, he introduced the Coke Santa as a Christmas promotion and it caught on. Candler also introduced the twelve ounce Coke can in 1960. The Coca-Cola contour bottle was patented in 1977. The two liter bottle was introduced in 1978, the same year the company also introduced plastic bottles(Coca-Cola multiple pages). Woodruff did have one dubious distinction, he raised the syrup prices for distributors. But he improved efficiency at every step of the manufacturing process. Woodruff also increased productivity by improving the sales department, emphasizing quality control, and beginning large-scale advertising and promotional campaigns. Woodruff made Coke available in every state of the Union through the soda fountain. For all of these achievements he earned the name, "The Boss"(Facts, Figures, and Features Multiple pages). In 1985, the Coca-Cola Company made what has been known as one of the biggest marketing blunder. The Coca-Cola company stumbled onto the new formula in efforts to produce diet Coke. They put forth 4 million dollars of research to come up with the new formula. The decision to change their formula and pull the old Coke off the market came about because taste tests showed a distinct preference for the new formula. The new formula was a sweeter variation with less tang, it was also slightly smoother(Demott 54). Robert Woodruff's death was a large contributor to the change because he stated that he would never change Coca-Cola's formula. Another factor that influenced the change was that Coke's market share fell 2.5 percent in four years. Each percentage point lost or gain meant 200 million dollars. A financial analyst said, "Coke's market share fell from 24.3 percent in 1980 to 21.8 percent in 1984"(Things go better with Coke 14). This was the first flavor change since the existence of the Coca-Cola company. The change was announced April 23, 1985 at the Vivian Beaumont Theater at the Lincoln Center. Some two hundred TV and newspaper reporters attended this very glitzy announcement. It included a question and answer session, a history of Coca-Cola, and many other elements(Oliver 131). The debut was accompanied by an advertising campaign that revived the Coca-Cola theme song of the early 1970s, "I'd Like to Buy the World a Coke"(Say it ain't so, Coke 24). The Jingle read like this: I'd like to teach the world

Biomarkers Definition Working Group

Biomarkers Definition Working Group With diminishing success in drug development, manufacturers have been exploring new ways of making drug manufacturing process successful. Biomarkers play a crucial role in drug development (Bleavins, Carini, Jurima, Rahbari, 2011). Pharmaceutical companies consider using biomarkers to increase the efficiency of new drugs. This paper explores biomarkers, their use, classifications and importance in drug development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biomarkers Definition Working Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Biomarker has various definitions from different groups. According to Biomarkers Definition Working Group, a it is defined as an indicator in pathogenic or biological processes, which can be measured and evaluated objectively in a given intervention in therapy (Bleavins et al., 2011). Clinical end point defines it as an indicator reflecting the feelings and functioning of a patient as well as his survival. Finally, surrogate endpoint defines biomarker, as an instrument whose intention is to substitute clinical end point (Bleavins et al., 2011). There are three types of biomarkers: type 0, I and II. Type 0 is an indicator in diseases and correlates with given symptoms. It is concerned with risks of a given exposure. Type I shows the effects or response of a given intervention or therapy in an organism during drug development. Type II biomarkers are surrogate indicators. This means that, change in a biomarker indicates clinical end (Bleavins et al., 2011). Biomarkers are used to measure the well-being of a person; both physical and mental. They are used to determine the state of an individual’s health (Zwierzina, 2008). In addition, they are used to measure the risks and influence of a given exposure, which can be as a result of environmental or hereditary factors. If a disease is caused by exposure to toxins, researchers may choose to measure the level of toxin concentration in an individuals environment. Researchers can also measure the alleged toxin in food, water, air or soil directly. As a result, they are able to ascertain the risks and susceptibility associated with a given exposure (Zwierzina, 2008). Biomarkers are used to ascertain the severity of diseases. They can determine whether a disease is severe or not. Biomarkers are used to predict results. They are used in drug development; hence they can predict the efficacy of a new drug.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, they are used in determining the most efficient type of nutrition, intervention and treatment in a patient. Imaging a biomarker assists researchers to develop efficient drugs for a given disease; through evaluation of an individual and the response to the drug (Javitt Spencer, Thaker, Winterer, Hajà ³s, 2008). Post-therapy evaluation determines the efficie ncy of nutrition and intervention in an individuals body. Biomarkers are used to evaluate a persons response to therapy. Through biomarker imaging, the concentration of drugs in tissues can be measured (Javitt et al., 2008). In addition, receptor occupancy and characterization of receptors can be done to evaluate an individuals response towards an intervention. Biomarkers are used to monitor compliance of a drug. They are supposed to meet the intended purpose and adhere to given regulations. To determine the compliance of a drug, indicators are set in order to measure the biological activity of a drug before and after treatment. Biomarkers are used for forensic purposes (Wagner, 2008). They are applied in various fields of science and technology to establish facts about civil law. Generally, they are used for diverse purposes in clinical development. Different types of biomarkers are used for different purposes; hence they are unique and each has a specific purpose. For example, if a biomarker is intended to measure the effect of a drug or therapy, the response should show some correlations to the symptoms of disease (Wagner, 2008). Biomarkers are used according to their classifications; pharmacological, toxicological and pathological biomarkers. Indicators used for pathological processes are specific and can not be used for toxicological or pharmacological processes. In clinical care, biomarkers are classified according to their purpose (Javitt et al., 2008). Preventive biomarker identifies an individual’s risk to suffer from a certain disease. Diagnostic indicators are used to identify disease at early stages before the symptoms are noticed. Moreover, prognostic biomarkers show the possibility of disease progression in a patient as he continues with therapy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Biomarkers Definition Working Group specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Also, there are predictive variables which identify the response of patient to a given therapy (Zwierzina, 2008). Lastly, therapeutic indicators give the total number of responses from patients undergoing a treatment. This means that each indicator is unique and has a set purpose. Biomarkers are identified according to their function. For example, if a researcher suspects that a disease is caused by being exposed to a certain toxin, then biomarkers (organisms) are exposed to these toxins and extend of effects is established. In oncology, the indicators for cancer are tumors and a researcher scans their sizes to determine the magnitude of an infection (Bleavins et al., 2011). Neurologists measure the occurrence of multiple sclerosis in order to evaluate Alzheimer disease. X-ray is done to establish the impacts of muscuskeletal diseases like arthritis and fractures among others. If the purpose of a biomarker is to measure the response of a given intervention, then an organism is subjected to a certain medicine. Different diseases have different biomarkers, for example, tumors are biomarkers for cancer (Bleavins et al., 2011). A surrogate endpoint can be defined as an indicator which alternates a clinical endpoint. It is also known as reserve biomarker. Clinical endpoint is an indicator showing the general operation of a patient. For example, blood pressure may not affect every patient, however in clinical development, it is considered as a risk factor for diseases like stroke and heart attack (Javitt et al., 2008). Pharmacodynamic markers are indicators used in monitoring biological impacts of a drug. They are used in decision- making during the early stages of drug development. They are used to establish doses and dosing in pre-clinical and clinical development of a drug. Pharmacodynamic marker is a reflection of pharmacologic responses (Wagner, 2008). Surrogate end point and Pharmacodynamic are useful in drug development. Surrogate end point is not an independent marker on itself. It ca n be extrinsic or intrinsic. It is a substitute. Moreover, they can be used in prediction of expected clinical results in drug development process (Wagner, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main disadvantage of surrogate end points is: they need long follow ups and they are not independent. Pharmacodynamic are induced by non-drug events and have many limitations (Bleavins et al., 2011). One of the reasons these two biomarkers are not important in studies is surrogates are not a pathway for disease process in clinical developments. In addition, they are not sensitive to a given intervention. This means that they might give false impression about an intervention. Surrogates are important when a given process is well- known and the results expected are certain (Bleavins et al., 2011). Validation of surrogates is somehow difficult. They are important in some clinical developments but not all. Due to these reasons, surrogate and Pharmacodynamic biomarkers are not emphasized in studies. References Bleavins, M. R., Carini, C., Jurima-Romet, M., Rahbari, R. (Eds.). (2011). Biomarkers  in drug development: a handbook of practice, application, and strategy. Wiley. Javitt, D. C., Spencer, K. M., Thaker, G. K., Winterer, G., Hajà ³s, M. (2008). Neurophysiological biomarkers for drug development in schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 7(1), 68-83. Wagner, J. A. (2008). Strategic approach to fit-for-purpose biomarkers in drug development. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 48, 631-651. Zwierzina, H. (2008). Biomarkers in drug development. Annals of oncology, 19(suppl 5), v33-v37.

HMNT Ripple Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HMNT Ripple Effect - Essay Example Other positive effects of popular culture include ability to create positive role models, draw the line between good and bad and deliver this understandable message to wide masses without a doubt that the majority will get everything rights. Popular culture is controlled by authorities who serve as censors; they label content, ban it or ask to modify it if needed. There are legal definitions for obscenity, indecency and profanity that create certain legal frame for content creators (Obscenity, Indecency and Profanity: Its Against the Law). In some sense, popular culture controls society telling what to like and what to do. Also, it unifies people who come from different backgrounds and makes it easier for them to live together. Even though there are still many ongoing discussions about gender portrayals in art (Onstad, 2008) and racist messages (Vedantam, 2008), they depict a great progression in liberal though compared to what was popular 20 or even 10 years ago. Since popular culture is created by people, it is obvious that society has a great influence on it. Culture is the reflection of society of its creators; attitudes, moods, events, trends, roles and even political situations serve as factors of influence. Culture influences people in response popularizing certain ideas, spreading information, depicting changes and introducing new ideas to all. In this way, society and culture influence each other; they co-exist in complex relationships and change together. Vedantam, S. (2008, March 24).Unequal perspectives hyperlink "http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=1450200881&sid=4&fmt=3&clientid=70192&rqt=309&vname=pqd"onhyperlink "http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=1450200881&sid=4&fmt=3&clientid=70192&rqt=309&vname=pqd" racial equalityhyperlink "http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=1450200881&sid=4&fmt=3&clientid=70192&rqt=309&vname=pqd".The Washington Post,HYPERLINK