Brother Sebastian in the novel Lamb Essay Example for Free

Brother Sebastian in the novel Lamb Essay In the novel Lamb by Bernard Mac Laverty, written in 1976, I cannot but feel sympathetic towards the main character Brother Sebastian (Michael Lamb). I feel that he was a victim of circumstances. He was brought up in a farm in Ballycastle where he was taught by his father to put animals who were suffering out of their misery. In the novel Mac Laverty describes how his father had pulled chickens necks so fast and expertly that they never felt a thing. To Sebastian Owen Kane was just like an animal with no future and the most humane thing to do was put him out of his misery. Throughout this novel there is a recurring theme of a father and son relationship. The killing was ritualistic as Sebastians religious beliefs would have meant that he believed that the boy was going to eternal happiness with God in heaven. It was motivated by love. It would be a pure. Of this he was sure. From the much protected environment with his mother and father on the farm he entered the Irish Christian Brothers the year he was due to leave school which would have been about sixteen. In the Brotherhood he had no real adult life as he was restricted by the vows of Poverty, Chastity and Obedience. When the novel opens Sebastian is a wood work teacher in a Home (which is situated in the south of Ireland Galway) for delinquent boys, which was run by a sadistic, cruel Brother called Brother Benedict. The relationship between the two men was hostile as Benedict was an academic snob who looked down on Sebastian for his lack of formal education. He uses the simile and the metaphor: A man with one language is like a man with one eye. I myself have four good eyes and a few lesser ones which could be polished up Both Brother Sebastian and Benedict disagreed with each other on how to discipline the boys in the Home. Benedicts attitude was If they do not conform we thrash them. We teach them a little of God and a lot of fear. He criticised Sebastian for his Soft centred self centred idealism. Owen Kane was put into the Home by his mother for always mitching school. Owen suffered from epilepsy and was the youngest boy in the Home. It is true that Owen had been put away because he had continually mitched school and had run away from home frequently the Gardai had been informed on four occasions at least. God knows how many times they had not been informed. His father would beat him often: When he came home he would get drunk and whip Owen with whatever came into hand. His mother would often be absent from his company but he preferred all that than living in the Home. He had a neutral/positive relationship with Sebastian and a negative relationship with Benedict. Owen Kane and Sebastian both have the same views on the Home. In the novel Brother Sebastian father dies and he is left a sum of money from the farm in which his father owned. Brother Benedict is lecturing about Obedience Obedience, Brother, is a very rare virtue and with no doubt wants Brother Sebastian to stay so the Brotherhood gets the money. From the novel we get the Atmosphere of what the Home was like The walls were painted throughout a pale hospital green and The place was scrubbed and clean and dead Like a corpse. First instinctive impressions of the Home are lifeless cold miserable and absolutely unpleasant which do not relate to a home at all. Bernard McLaverty uses his scenes to describe the Home and they have a similar description of a hospital The air was full of disinfectant and polish. The surrounding environment of outside the Home gives a bizarre welcome to inmates. Surrounding the whole complex was a high wire fence that screamed and whistled in the constant wind from the sea A great use of personification is used in this quote and it works to make you feel anything but nice feelings, it makes you feel the Home is more like a Prison and the boys were not there to be reformed but there for Punishment. At the beginning of this novel I admire Sebastian for being nice to the inmates and especially to Owen who is the youngest of the boys in the Home, suffers from epilepsy and experienced a hard life with his parents. I feel sympathetic for Owen Kane as I believe he wasnt given the opportunity at life before he was entered the Home. Benedict gets all my negatives as I see him for more evil than good. He is a bully to Sebastian, Owen and all the other boys. Brother Sebastian wants to leave because he doesnt believe in by Benedicts duct rue of Kill and cure. He plans to run away and decides to take Owen with him. I believe Sebastian wanted to take Owen with him because he had sympathy for Owen and wanted him to have a better chance at life and he thought he could provide in the manner of a father and son relation Personally I think this was the best decision to make for Owen and him self as both of them were miserable and living in the Home seemed like a dead end, an everlasting punishment to both of them. He is given the chance to abandon the Home when he receives the money from his fathers farm. With free will Owen agreed to leave.

Marxist Cultural Theory Essay -- Film Review, Adorno on Cinema

This chapter examines two forms of practice that communicate messages from a group or an individual to the public, cultural production and political public speaking in the light of Marxist cultural theories. The review of writings about the practice of art by mid-20th century Marxist thinkers makes one thing clear - aesthetic utterances by artists and cultural figures fulfil a role in the political and social discourse and the importance of this role within the context of class struggle must not be ignored. The role of aesthetics as viewed by Marxist theorists such as Adorno and Horkheimer is to educate and inspire the public to live a life more worthy of living. (Adorno, 2006, p. 39) This chapter argues that cultural practitioners have a responsibility to encourage the public to confront their social and political conflicts. Two methods of assuming this responsibility are discussed. First is the claim that a political message in an artwork is to be communicated without attempting to create an emotional anchor for the public to identify with. This method, primarily expounded by Brecht, sees the political message as the most important aspect of the work; thus it is crucial that the public receives it and does not get distracted. The second approach, as envisaged by Lukà ¡cs, supports a representation of reality which allows an audience to relate to and identify with the political messages. The emotional connection is presented in this concept as essential to the successful transmission of an idea, as human beings relate more easily to topics they can connect to emotionally. These two methods are discussed in the chapter in relation to the conveyance of political messages through aesthetics, not strictly in the art world, but also ... ... also art which is popular and pleasurable, not just art which has a politically 'correct' line. Indeed to be politically correct, art must be pleasurable and accessible.' (Lovell, 1980, p. 77) Brecht saw art as a verb. He saw a social revolution as inevitable and believed art should be more than affirming to the current state of affairs. The artist's role is to bring social change through pushing the public into a critical thought process, and that is achieved by producing daring, experimental and confrontational work, not only in the subject matter but in the form as well. Brecht viewed the existing form of art practice as supporting the social status quo rather than revolution. He developed his model of the Epic Theatre following his analysis of the bourgeois theatre and singling out the elements in this form that were not serving revolutionary enough messages.

Life in Madinah of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) Essay

The first significant event after the migration of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the construction of the mosque of the Prophet. It not only acted as a spiritual centre for worship, but also the political and military headquarters for the new state. It soon developed into an institute of learning where discussions and seminars were held. A social institution where Muslims learnt and practiced discipline, unity and brotherhood. The land on which the mosque was build was bought from two orphan brothers. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) and many other prophets themselves worked hard to construct the mosque. This mosque was known as â€Å"Mosque of the Prophet† or Masjid-e-Nabawi. To this Quran says in Surah-At- Tawbah: â€Å"—, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in. Within it are men who love to purify themselves; and Allah loves those who purify themselves.† (9:108) Walls of the mosque were made of unbaked bricks. The roof was of mud and date palm leaves and the trunks of date palm trees were used for pillars. A large platform with a thatched roof, was built in one of the corners of the mosque. This was known as Suffah. Azan In order to call believers of Islam to mosques, the system of calling Azan was introduced. Hazrat Bilal (R.A) was appointed as the Muezzin. Arrangements for the inhabitants of Madinah People of Madinah belonged to two categories; Ansars (Madinites) and Muhajirin (Makkans). Even the richest emigrants were now poor as they had left their belongings in Makkah during the hijrat. The people who belonged to Madinah promised to help Muhajirs. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) established brotherhood between these two groups of Muslims. The Ansars happily agreed to help the Muhajirs and they took them to their homes, took care of them and shared all of their possessions with them. The Holy Quran mentions this in these words: â€Å"Those who and adopted exile, and fought for the faith, with their property and their persons, in the cause of Allah, as well as those  who gave (them) asylum and aid, these are (all) friends and protectors, one of another.† (8:72) The emigrants and their hosts were united into a bond of brotherhood, which proved, in practice, to be stronger than real brotherhood. Even the enmity between two tribes of Madinah, Aus and Khazraj was forgotten, as mentioned in the Holy Quran: â€Å"†¦ And remember with gratitude Allah’s favour on you; for ye were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that by His grace, ye became brethren†¦. (3:103) Treaty with the Jews: (Charter of Madinah) There were three main tribes of Jews: Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazi and Banu Quraiza, settled in the suburbs of Madinah in their own strong fortresses. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) realised that the foundation of Islam would be very weak unless it was based upon the support of all the people living in Madinah. The situation call for a strong measure of co-ordination and adjustment, particularly as the Muslims were seriously threatened by the Quraish. Therefore, as soon as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was settled in Madinah, he called together the Muslims and the Jewish tribes for consultation.

A Code Of Ethics Limits The Development Of Psychological...

Discussion of the claim that ‘adherence to a code of ethics limits the development of psychological theory’ The introduction of the Nuremberg Code in 1947 was a direct consequence of the Nuremberg Trials in which various Nazi doctors were found guilty of carrying out brutal and heinous research experiments on humans during the second World War. Subsequently, the key principles contained in the Code became the basis of ethical behaviour in any medical or psychological research which includes the involvement of human participants (cited in Banyard, 2012). It is now universally understood that the health, safety, wellbeing and human rights of every research study participant is protected. Conversely, it is the opinion of some that the introduction of the Nuremberg Code has resulted in limitations to the results obtained from these research studies, and, as a result, to the development of psychological theory. It is the purpose of this essay, therefore, to address the claim that adhering to a code of ethics limits the development of psychological theory. In the paragraphs to follow, vari ous evidence and alternative viewpoints will be provided both for and against this claim, as well as an evaluation of the impact in adhering to these ethical principles for researchers. One such research study to be criticised on the basis of ethical behaviour was designed to study obedience and authority using human participants (Milgram, 1961). In the presence of an authoritarianShow MoreRelatedIndividual Analysis1449 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds on a daily basis. I collaborate with mental health professionals to address psychological needs, medical doctors to manage and treat physical conditions, social workers to deal with housing and family issues, and pastoral care to address the patient’s spiritual matters. 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